<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--XBRL document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  10.7.0.1 -->
<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 8/7/2024 8:33:25 PM-->
<!--Modified on: 8/7/2024 8:33:25 PM-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance">
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesAndBasisOfPresentationRestrictedCashDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesAndBasisOfPresentationRestrictedCashDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureBusinessCombinationAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureBusinessCombinationAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurementsInvestmentsInFixedMaturitySecuritiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurementsInvestmentsInFixedMaturitySecuritiesDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurementsMaturitiesOfFixedMaturityAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurementsMaturitiesOfFixedMaturityAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosurePropertyAndEquipmentNetDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosurePropertyAndEquipmentNetDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesSummaryOfAccruedExpensesDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesSummaryOfAccruedExpensesDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureLongTermDebtInterestExpensesDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLongTermDebtInterestExpensesDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureBristolMyersSquibbCollaborationTotalTransactionPriceDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureBristolMyersSquibbCollaborationTotalTransactionPriceDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureLeasesComponentsOfLeaseExpensesDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLeasesComponentsOfLeaseExpensesDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureLeasesOtherInformationDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLeasesOtherInformationDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureLeasesFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLeasesFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsDetails" />
  <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#DisclosureLeasesFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsDetailsCalc2" roleURI="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLeasesFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsDetailsCalc2" />
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.xbrl.org/2023/calculation-1.1.xsd#summation-item" />
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="995200100 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent_638586596033400456" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositsAssetsNoncurrent_638586596033400456" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_638586596033400456" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_638586596033400456" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent_638586596033400456" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent_638586596033400456" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638586596033400456" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638586596033400456" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638586596033400456" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_638586596033400456" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="us-gaap_Goodwill_638586596033400456" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Goodwill_638586596033400456" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_638586596033400456" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_638586596033400456" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638586596033400456" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638586596033400456" order="8" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638586596033410427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638586596033400456" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_638586596033410427" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_638586596033410427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638586596033400456" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_638586596033410427" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638586596033410427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_638586596033400456" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638586596033410427" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_638586596033410427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_638586596033410427" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033410427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_638586596033410427" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033410427" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability_638586596033410427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_638586596033410427" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability_638586596033410427" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_DepositLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="ipsc_DepositLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033410427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_638586596033410427" xlink:to="ipsc_DepositLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033410427" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueNoncurrent_638586596033420427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_638586596033410427" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueNoncurrent_638586596033420427" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638586596033420427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_638586596033410427" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNet_638586596033420427" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033420427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_638586596033410427" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033420427" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033420427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_638586596033410427" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033420427" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638586596033420427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033420427" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_638586596033420427" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033420427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033420427" xlink:to="ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033420427" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent_638586596033430428" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033420427" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent_638586596033430428" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_638586596033430428" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033420427" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_638586596033430428" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_638586596033430428" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_638586596033430428" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638586596033430428" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638586596033430428" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_638586596033430428" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638586596033430428" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_638586596033430428" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_638586596033430428" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638586596033430428" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_638586596033430428" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_638586596033440427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638586596033430428" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_638586596033440427" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_638586596033440427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638586596033430428" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_638586596033440427" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_638586596033440427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_638586596033430428" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_638586596033440427" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="995200200 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638586596033440427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_638586596033440427" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeTax_638586596033450432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeTax_638586596033450432" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638586596033450432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638586596033450432" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638586596033450432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638586596033450432" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_638586596033450432" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638586596033450432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_638586596033450432" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638586596033450432" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_638586596033450432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638586596033450432" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_638586596033450432" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_638586596033450432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_638586596033450432" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_638586596033450432" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeOther_638586596033450432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_638586596033450432" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestIncomeOther_638586596033450432" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_638586596033460427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_638586596033450432" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_638586596033460427" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638586596033460427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_638586596033450432" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638586596033460427" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638586596033460427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638586596033460427" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638586596033460427" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_638586596033460427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638586596033460427" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_638586596033460427" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseExcludingAcquiredInProcessCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseExcludingAcquiredInProcessCost_638586596033460427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638586596033460427" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseExcludingAcquiredInProcessCost_638586596033460427" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges_638586596033460427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_638586596033460427" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges_638586596033460427" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638586596033460427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_638586596033460427" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_638586596033460427" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="995200400 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_IncreaseDecreaseInEscrowDeposit" xlink:label="ipsc_IncreaseDecreaseInEscrowDeposit_638586596033470424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="ipsc_IncreaseDecreaseInEscrowDeposit_638586596033470424" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_638586596033470424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_638586596033470424" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_638586596033470424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_638586596033470424" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue_638586596033470424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue_638586596033470424" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_638586596033470424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_638586596033470424" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_638586596033470424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_638586596033470424" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits_638586596033480427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits_638586596033480427" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts_638586596033480427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts_638586596033480427" order="8" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_NonCashOperatingLeaseExpense" xlink:label="ipsc_NonCashOperatingLeaseExpense_638586596033480427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="ipsc_NonCashOperatingLeaseExpense_638586596033480427" order="9" use="optional" weight="1" priority="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_638586596033480427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_638586596033480427" order="10" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_638586596033480427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_638586596033480427" order="11" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges_638586596033480427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges_638586596033480427" order="12" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments_638586596033480427" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments_638586596033480427" order="13" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsGainInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:label="ipsc_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsGainInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability_638586596033490426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="ipsc_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsGainInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability_638586596033490426" order="14" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_638586596033490426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_638586596033470424" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_638586596033490426" order="15" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638586596033490426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638586596033490426" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt_638586596033490426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638586596033490426" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt_638586596033490426" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_638586596033490426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638586596033490426" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_638586596033490426" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAdditionalInterestInSubsidiaries" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAdditionalInterestInSubsidiaries_638586596033490426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638586596033490426" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAdditionalInterestInSubsidiaries_638586596033490426" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt_638586596033500424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_638586596033490426" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt_638586596033500424" order="4" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638586596033500424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638586596033500424" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt_638586596033500424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638586596033500424" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt_638586596033500424" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_ProceedsFromAtMarketNetOfIssuanceCosts" xlink:label="ipsc_ProceedsFromAtMarketNetOfIssuanceCosts_638586596033500424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638586596033500424" xlink:to="ipsc_ProceedsFromAtMarketNetOfIssuanceCosts_638586596033500424" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_ProceedsFromPipeNetOfIssuanceCosts" xlink:label="ipsc_ProceedsFromPipeNetOfIssuanceCosts_638586596033500424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638586596033500424" xlink:to="ipsc_ProceedsFromPipeNetOfIssuanceCosts_638586596033500424" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_638586596033500424" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_638586596033500424" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_638586596033500424" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesAndBasisOfPresentationRestrictedCashDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99940202 - Disclosure - Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation - Restricted cash (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent_638586596033510426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent_638586596033510426" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638586596033510426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_638586596033510426" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureBusinessCombinationAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99940302 - Disclosure - Business Combination - Assets and Liabilities (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_638586596033510426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_638586596033510426" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="us-gaap_Goodwill_638586596033510426" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_638586596033510426" xlink:to="us-gaap_Goodwill_638586596033510426" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill_638586596033520432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_638586596033510426" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill_638586596033520432" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638586596033520432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_638586596033510426" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_638586596033520432" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638586596033520432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_638586596033510426" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638586596033520432" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets_638586596033520432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_638586596033510426" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets_638586596033520432" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents_638586596033520432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_638586596033510426" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents_638586596033520432" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities_638586596033520432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities_638586596033520432" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxLiabilities_638586596033520432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities_638586596033520432" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxLiabilities_638586596033520432" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedContingentLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedContingentLiability_638586596033520432" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities_638586596033520432" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedContingentLiability_638586596033520432" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033530429" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities_638586596033520432" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033530429" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilities_638586596033530429" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities_638586596033520432" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilities_638586596033530429" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable_638586596033530429" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities_638586596033520432" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable_638586596033530429" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurementsInvestmentsInFixedMaturitySecuritiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99940403 - Disclosure - Financial instruments and fair value measurements - Investments in fixed maturity securities (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossCurrent" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_638586596033530429" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_638586596033530429" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_638586596033530429" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_638586596033530429" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_638586596033540430" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_638586596033540430" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurementsMaturitiesOfFixedMaturityAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99940404 - Disclosure - Financial instruments and fair value measurements - Maturities of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_638586596033540430" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_638586596033540430" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_638586596033540430" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_638586596033540430" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosurePropertyAndEquipmentNetDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99940501 - Disclosure - Property and equipment, net (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_638586596033540430" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_638586596033540430" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638586596033540430" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_638586596033540430" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesSummaryOfAccruedExpensesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99940601 - Disclosure - Accrued expenses and other liabilities - Summary of accrued expenses (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033550433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033550433" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_AccruedClinicalTrialRelatedCosts" xlink:label="ipsc_AccruedClinicalTrialRelatedCosts_638586596033550433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="ipsc_AccruedClinicalTrialRelatedCosts_638586596033550433" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_638586596033550433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_638586596033550433" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638586596033550433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638586596033550433" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033550433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="ipsc_AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_638586596033550433" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLongTermDebtInterestExpensesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99940702 - Disclosure - Long-term debt - Interest Expenses (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_638586596033550433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_638586596033550433" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts_638586596033560434" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts_638586596033560434" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureBristolMyersSquibbCollaborationTotalTransactionPriceDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99940802 - Disclosure - Bristol-Myers Squibb Collaboration - Total transaction price (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenue" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueNoncurrent_638586596033560434" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueNoncurrent_638586596033560434" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_638586596033560434" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueCurrent_638586596033560434" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLeasesComponentsOfLeaseExpensesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99941001 - Disclosure - Leases - Components of lease expenses (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_638586596033560434" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_638586596033560434" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_638586596033560434" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_638586596033560434" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost_638586596033570495" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost_638586596033570495" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLeasesOtherInformationDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99941002 - Disclosure - Leases - Other information (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638586596033570495" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_638586596033570495" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033570495" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_638586596033570495" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLeasesFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="99941005 - Disclosure - Leases - Future minimum lease payments (Details)">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_638586596033570495" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_638586596033570495" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive_638586596033570495" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive_638586596033570495" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_638586596033580433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_638586596033580433" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_638586596033580433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_638586596033580433" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_638586596033580433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_638586596033580433" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_638586596033580433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_638586596033580433" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.centurytx.com/role/DisclosureLeasesFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsDetailsCalc2" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41205 - Disclosure - Leases - Future minimum lease payments (Details) - calc 2">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_638586596033580433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_638586596033580433" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_638586596033580433" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_638586596033580433" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ipsc-20240630.xsd#ipsc_LesseeTenantIncentiveReceivable" xlink:label="ipsc_LesseeTenantIncentiveReceivable_638586596033590431" />
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="ipsc_LesseeTenantIncentiveReceivable_638586596033590431" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </link:calculationLink>
</link:linkbase>
